Research on charging and changing: the charging business layout of more than 20 OEMs has accelerated the construction of new charging stations

In January 2022, the National Development and Reform Commission and other 10 departments jointly issued the "14th Five-Year Plan" for public services, clarifying that by the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan", that is, by 2025, China will form a charging infrastructure system to meet the charging needs of more than 20 million electric vehicles. According to the 14th Five-Year Development Plan of the State Council, by 2025, the ratio of vehicle piles will be increased to 2:1, which is equivalent to 2 vehicles equipped with 1 charging pile.

In 2022, China's charging and swapping infrastructure industry has ushered in further development and expansion, and the market pattern of 7-11kW AC charging piles is basically stable; The leading enterprises in the 80-240kW DC charging pile market have begun to take shape. At the same time, new charging technology and charging stations are developing rapidly, including high-voltage fast charging, battery replacement, orderly charging, optical storage and charging integration, hydrogen and photovoltaic storage and charging integration, mobile charging robots, etc.

At present, high-voltage fast charging has become the majority choice in the industry, and in 2019, Porsche's Taycan launched the world's first 800V high-voltage electrical architecture, equipped with an 800V DC fast charging system and supports 350kW high-power fast charging; In 2022, Xpeng Motors' G9 model based on the 800V SiC platform will be mass-produced and launched, while Geely and Mercedes-Benz will launch the SEA vast architecture and MMA architecture that support 800V.

At the same time, OEMs, charging operators, and energy companies have laid out high-voltage fast charging stations, and the main engine factories GAC Aion, Xpeng, Avita, Extreme Krypton, NIO, and Tesla all have high-voltage fast charging station layout plans, of which the Xpeng S4 ultra-fast charging pile has a maximum current of 670A and a peak charging power of 400kW; GAC Aion Supercharging Station (A480 Supercharging Piles) has a peak power of 1000V, a current of 600A, and a liquid-cooled charging system; In 2020, State Grid began to tender 480KW high-voltage fast charging piles, and there is a continuous growth trend.

Battery replacement mode is a fast power replenishment method for new energy vehicles, which stores and charges batteries through centralized power exchange stations, and then provides battery replacement services for vehicle owners to achieve the same speed of battery replenishment and refueling. According to the statistics of the charging alliance, as of September 2022, there are a total of 1,762 swap stations in China (excluding heavy truck swapping). In terms of provinces and cities, the top ten are Beijing, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Shandong, Sichuan, Hebei, Hubei, and Jilin, with charging stations in TOP3 provinces and cities accounting for 39.9%.

In the passenger car market, China's main battery swap operators include NIO, Aodong New Energy, Blue Valley Wisdom, Bertan Technology, etc., among which NIO and Aodong New Energy are far ahead in the number of substations covered.

The promotion and application of battery swap mode not only requires enterprise technical support, but also requires the joint cooperation of national standards, battery standards, vehicle manufacturers and energy enterprises, and the "national team" in the field of battery swapping was established in 2022: On September 22, 2022, Shanghai Jieneng Zhidian New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., jointly invested by Sinopec, PetroChina, SAIC, CATL and Shanghai International Automobile City Group, was officially established, with a registered capital of 4 billion yuan, and its business scope covers power battery leasing, energy replenishment technology R&D and promotion, Battery operation management, big data services, etc.

Based on the design concept of energy Internet, the integrated smart energy station integrates photovoltaic and energy storage systems to achieve coordinated operation of source, grid, load and storage, and on this basis, the practical demonstration of multiple commercial operation modes of electric vehicle charging and discharging facilities is carried out.

At present, the photovoltaic storage and charging integrated station market has accommodated various enterprises such as vehicle enterprises, battery companies, charging operators, energy companies, etc., mainly through the cooperative construction and operation of various enterprises, and most of them are demonstration stations and new energy practice stations.

Taking NIO as an example, NIO has already laid out in both substations and ultra-fast charging: NIO's second-generation swap station has been put into use, introduced the vehicle-electricity separation mode, and led the establishment of Wuhan Weineng Battery Asset Co., Ltd., which is responsible for battery management and operation; According to the plan, NIO's third-generation replacement station and 500kW ultra-fast charging station will be released by the end of 2022.

NIO's supercharging network: The 500kW ultra-fast charge is expected to achieve a peak current of 650A and is designed with a liquid-cooled gun line. In addition, NIO also announced the 800V high-voltage platform battery pack and supporting power exchange system, and announced that it will be open to the whole industry in the future.